Petr�leos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) is the state-owned oil and natural gas company of Venezuela, established in 1976 after the nationalization of the oil industry. It serves as the holding company for the country's petroleum sector, overseeing exploration, production, refining, and export of oil and gas resources. Headquartered in Caracas, PDVSA employs over 44,000 people and has grown to become the largest company in Latin America.

PDVSA's core activities include the exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas, refining crude oil into various petroleum products, and marketing and exporting these products internationally. The company produces a wide range of products, including heavy and light crude oil, gasoline, distillates, petrochemicals, and coal products. PDVSA also supplies subsidized oil to allied countries through initiatives like Petrocaribe, playing a significant role in Venezuela's economy and energy sector.